Analysis and Design of Hollow Reinforced Concrete Columns

A hollow concrete section is oftenly used for column design, particularly for very tall bridge columns in earthquake prone areas for reducing the mass and to reduce the self-weight contribution to the inertial mode of vibration during an earthquake. The hollow columns enable to reduce foundation dimensions and thus save the construction cost substantially. Hence, these advantages have promoted the use of hollow columns instead of similar solid members in construction of building structures as well. This study includes analysis of a G+4 commercial building with solid columns analysed in ETABS2016. The analytical data is being used to design a hollow column for the same structure under worst load combinations using software CSICOL9. The best design is being proposed with advantages of hollow columns over solid columns

A Novel Method for Graphical Password Mechanism

For the verification of authorized users in computer systems, various text based or biometrics methods are used. But these methods have some drawbacks. It is difficult to remember and recall the textual i.e. alphanumeric passwords. To avoid this drawback users prefer to create effortless, short, easy and insecure passwords which are easily guessable by hacker and this makes the system more vulnerable to attacks. On other hand, verification mechanisms based on biometrics offers security to a good extents. But they are quite luxurious for implementation. Cost becomes a key factor in the case of biometrics. Also any injury to the body part used in biometric authorization results in denial of access or performance issues. Graphical password provides another way by providing passwords that are more protected and unforgettable in a reasonable price. In this system, user clicks on images instead of typing passwords for accessing the system. This paper describes and examines usability and security of graphical password mechanism for authentication using graphical passwords. Proposed system describes characteristics for security and performed empirical study comparing Graphical password mechanism with Biometric passwords and alphanumeric password. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15013

Three-Dimensional Neurophenotyping of Adult Zebrafish Behavior

The use of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) in neurobehavioral research is rapidly expanding. The present large-scale study applied the newest video-tracking and data-mining technologies to further examine zebrafish anxiety-like phenotypes. Here, we generated temporal and spatial three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of zebrafish locomotion, globally assessed behavioral profiles evoked by several anxiogenic and anxiolytic manipulations, mapped individual endpoints to 3D reconstructions, and performed cluster analysis to reconfirm behavioral correlates of high- and low-anxiety states. The application of 3D swim path reconstructions consolidates behavioral data (while increasing data density) and provides a novel way to examine and represent zebrafish behavior. It also enables rapid optimization of video tracking settings to improve quantification of automated parameters, and suggests that spatiotemporal organization of zebrafish swimming activity can be affected by various experimental manipulations in a manner predicted by their anxiolytic or anxiogenic nature. Our approach markedly enhances the power of zebrafish behavioral analyses, providing innovative framework for high-throughput 3D phenotyping of adult zebrafish behavior

Comparing the repair techniques of retrofitting for R.C.C. members using different GFRP wraps

Concrete structures deteriorate with time, a process that becomes much faster in aggressive environmental conditions. Broadly, methods to repair them can be classified under structural repair and nonstructural repair. Structural repair is carried out by repair, renovation and retrofitting of the entire system as a whole for structural strengthening to carry additional loads or for retrofitting. In the present work, attempt is made to study and compare the effects of Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) wraps on the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams through experimental investigations. The experimental study consists of casting of four sets of reinforced concrete (RC) beams having cross-sectional dimensions of 150mm x 200mm and 1000mm length and of grade M30. , Total 48 no. of RC beam are cast and curing for 28 days. First set of (3 no.) RC beams designated as control RC beams (SET I). Second set of (9 no.) RC beams (SET II); all are strengthened using single GFRP mat wrap, (for three beam both side wrap, three beam bottom wrap and three beam (U) shape wrap), Third set of (9 no.) RC beams (SET III); all are strengthened using Double GFRP mat wrap, (for three beam both side wrap, three beam bottom wrap and three beam (U) shape wrap). Fourth set of (9 no.) RC beams (SET IV) are strengthened using Woven Roving GFRP mat wrap, (for three beam both side wrap, three beam bottom wrap and three beam (U) shape wrap)

Assessing the maximum predictive validity for neuropharmacological anxiety screening assays using zebrafish

The development of reliable pharmacological screening assays is an important task. However, it is based upon the ability of animal models, such as the zebrafish, to demonstrate predictive validity for a specific set of drug classes. A popular assay used for this purpose is the novel tank diving paradigm, where zebrafish behavior can easily be modulated by anxiolytic or anxiogenic drug exposure. However, predictive validity may fail to provide crucial information about the model, such as comparisons of drug efficacy and the effects of drugs on varying behavioral phenotypes. This deficit is accounted for by a novel measure termed the Maximum Predictive Value (MPV), which provides an estimate of how sensitive a particular model is when assessing its potential pharmacologically. Here we provide a protocol detailing how to employ this measure to validate behavioral endpoints in the novel tank test for use in pharmacological studies in zebrafish. Similar approaches can be used to examine drug efficacy in other zebrafish-based behavioral tests. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

MOESM2 of Physical shearing imparts biological activity to DNA and ability to transmit itself horizontally across species and kingdom boundaries

Additional file 2. Data sets. Data generated or analyzed in this study

The Developing Utility of Zebrafish in Modeling Neurobehavioral Disorders

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of neurobehavioral research, including experimental, genetic, and pharmacological models of human brain disorders. While zebrafish research is rapidly expanding, its application as a translational neurobehavioral model is still in its relative infancy. Therefore, further investigation of new models is needed for targeting more domains and new, more complex brain disorders. The main aim of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the field of zebrafish neurobehavioral research, and to outline important emerging topics for further studies

Genetic and environmental modulation of neurodevelopmental disorders: translational insights from labs to beds

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous group of prevalent neuropsychiatric illnesses with various degrees of social, cognitive, motor, language and affective deficits. NDDs are caused by aberrant brain development due to genetic and environmental perturbations. Common NDDs include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, communication/speech disorders, motor/tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Genetic and epigenetic/environmental factors play a key role in these NDDs with significant societal impact. Given the lack of their efficient therapies, it is important to gain further translational insights into the pathobiology of NDDs. To address these challenges, the International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS) has established the Strategic Task Force on NDDs. Summarizing the Panel's findings, here we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of selected common NDDs and a wider NDD+ spectrum of associated neuropsychiatric disorders with developmental trajectories. We also outline the utility of existing preclinical (animal) models for building translational and cross-diagnostic bridges to improve our understanding of various NDDs

Improving treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: recommendations based on preclinical studies

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are common and severely debilitating. Their chronic nature and reliance on both genetic and environmental factors makes studying NDDs and their treatment a challenging task.Areas covered: Herein, the authors discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of NDDs, and present recommendations on their translational research and therapy, outlined by the International Stress and Behavior Society. Various drugs currently prescribed to treat NDDs also represent a highly diverse group. Acting on various neurotransmitter and physiological systems, these drugs often lack specificity of action, and are commonly used to treat multiple other psychiatric conditions. There has also been relatively little progress in the development of novel medications to treat NDDs. Based on clinical, preclinical and translational models of NDDs, our recommendations cover a wide range of methodological approaches and conceptual strategies.Expert opinion: To improve pharmacotherapy and drug discovery for NDDs, we need a stronger emphasis on targeting multiple endophenotypes, a better dissection of genetic/epigenetic factors or "hidden heritability," and a careful consideration of potential developmental/trophic roles of brain neurotransmitters. The validity of animal NDD models can be improved through discovery of novel (behavioral, physiological and neuroimaging) biomarkers, applying proper environmental enrichment, widening the spectrum of model organisms, targeting developmental trajectories of NDD-related behaviors and comorbid conditions beyond traditional NDDs. While these recommendations cannot be addressed all in once, our increased understanding of NDD pathobiology may trigger innovative cross-disciplinary research expanding beyond traditional methods and concepts